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The Gaohu and Zhonghu: A Comprehensive Guide to Two Enchanting Chinese String Instruments

Glen Powell

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Published in How To Play Erhu The Chinese Violin: The Gaohu And Zhonghu

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In the realm of Chinese music, two captivating string instruments stand out with their distinctive melodies and expressive power: the gaohu and the zhonghu. Both members of the erhu family, these instruments have enchanted listeners for centuries, playing an integral role in traditional Chinese folk music, operas, and ensembles.

How to Play Erhu, the Chinese Violin: The Gaohu and Zhonghu

by H.H. Lee

5 out of 5

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This comprehensive guide delves into the rich world of the gaohu and zhonghu, exploring their history, construction, playing techniques, and the enchanting musicality that has captivated audiences around the globe.

Historical Origins

The gaohu and zhonghu share a common ancestry with the erhu, an ancient bowed instrument dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). The gaohu emerged as a distinct instrument in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644),while the zhonghu was developed during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912).

The gaohu was originally used by nomadic tribes in Northern China, known for its piercing and nasal sound. Over time, it gained popularity in Southern China, where it became an essential instrument in Cantonese opera and folk music.

The zhonghu, with its deeper and more resonant sound, was developed in Central China and became widely used in Beijing opera and other Northern Chinese musical genres.

Construction

The gaohu and zhonghu are both bowed string instruments with a two-stringed body and a resonator made from wood or bamboo. However, they differ in their size, shape, and construction details.

Gaohu: The gaohu is generally smaller than the zhonghu, with a shorter neck and a smaller resonator. The body is typically made from hardwood, such as rosewood or ebony, and covered with a thin layer of snakeskin. The strings are made of metal or silk.

Zhonghu: The zhonghu is larger than the gaohu, with a longer neck and a larger, rounder resonator. The body is commonly made from red sandalwood or rosewood and is typically covered with a thin layer of python skin. The strings are typically made of silk or nylon.

Playing Techniques

The gaohu and zhonghu are played with a traditional Chinese bow made from horsehair. The player holds the instrument vertically, resting it between their thumb and index finger. The strings are stopped by the player's left hand, while the right hand is used to bow the strings.

The gaohu is known for its piercing and nasal sound, achieved by bowing near the bridge of the instrument. It is often used to play rapid and virtuosic melodies, as well as imitating the sound of a human voice.

The zhonghu produces a deeper and more resonant sound, resulting from bowing closer to the fingerboard. It is often used to play lyrical and melodic passages, as well as providing a rhythmic and harmonic foundation for other instruments.

Musicality

The gaohu and zhonghu are both highly expressive instruments capable of producing a wide range of sounds. The gaohu is known for its piercing and plaintive melodies, often used to convey emotions of sadness, longing, and nostalgia.

The zhonghu, with its deeper and more resonant sound, is often used to play lyrical and soothing melodies. It is also capable of producing a wide range of harmonics and overtones, adding depth and richness to its sound.

The gaohu and zhonghu are two captivating Chinese string instruments that have left an indelible mark on Chinese music. Their distinctive sounds, exquisite craftsmanship, and expressive playing techniques have enchanted audiences for centuries.

Whether used in traditional folk music, operas, or modern ensembles, the gaohu and zhonghu continue to inspire musicians and listeners alike with their timeless beauty and musicality.

How to Play Erhu, the Chinese Violin: The Gaohu and Zhonghu

by H.H. Lee

5 out of 5